What is a Cel? Although there are variations, the most common method is for the artist's drawing to be inked or serigraphed, or onto the front of the cel and then hand-painted on the back. The actual material can vary, but the word cel originally came from the word celluloid, which was the common brand name of the material that was used in the early days of animation. What is Cel Animation? Sequential images of a character or characters, that are rendered on paper, transferred to cels, placed over a background, and photographed and projected one at time at the rate of 24 frames per second to create the illusion of motion. What is a Background? A piece of artwork, usually a painting, over which the finished cels are placed to be photographed, and which serves as the setting for the action. What is a Production Background? Production Background: A background used in the release print of the film; also referred to as a master background What is a Preliminary Background? A background painting created during the production process of the film that did not appear in the release print. What is a Set-Up? A combination of a cel, or cels, and background. A set-up may also include additional elements from a scene, such as overlays or special effects. What is a Matching or Key Set-up? Cels and backgrounds - and other elements, such as overlays, if applicable - that appeared together in the final, released version of the film. What is a Production Drawing? The original drawing created by an animator, assistant animator, or in-betweener that was utilized to create the final production cel for a moment of the film. What is a Model Sheet? A sheet containing several drawings of a character or characters, showing construction, poses, expressions, and relative sizes, used as a guide by the animator to assure consistency of appearance. These may be either originals or stat copies created in small quantities by the studio for distribution to the artists involved. What does 12-Field mean? Standard cel size of approximately 12-1/2" wide by 10-1/2" high. What does 16-Field mean? Standard cel size of approximately 15-1/2" wide by 12-1/2" high. What is a Pan? A cel, background, or set-up that is wider than standard, and is used for moving camera shots. What is a Limited Edition? Artwork created for art gallery purposes. Just as classic etchings and lithographs have been created from the artist's original work, the limited edition cel is traditionally created using the artist's line being transferred to acetate, then hand-painted on the reverse by professional cel painters. The cel is then placed over a background to complete the image. What is a Serigraph? Serigraphy is a silkscreening process that applies ink to paper, canvas, or cel material one color at a time. Individual screens are hand or machine cut for one color. Paint is then forced through the openings in each screen onto the substrate material. What is a Sericel? A cel that is created by using the serigraph process rather than by hand-painting. What is a Giclee? Giclee is a generic term for a digital printing process. An original artist's image is scanned at high resolution and printed by sophisticated digital printing equipment onto paper or canvas. What is a Lithograph? A printing process that uses plates and ink to transfer an image to paper. Old style lithography used stones, oil, water, and ink to create the image on paper.